Born in the African American communities of the Deep South, the blues shaped nearly every form of popular music that followed.
Which region is most often called the birthplace of the blues?
Chicago
The Mississippi Delta
New Orleans
Memphis
Correct. The Mississippi Delta, between the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers, produced many of the earliest blues musicians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The answer is the Mississippi Delta. Its plantation communities produced early blues figures such as Charley Patton and Son House.
How many bars long is the standard blues chord progression?
16 bars
8 bars
32 bars
12 bars
Correct. The 12-bar blues, built on the I, IV and V chords, is the most common blues form.
The answer is 12 bars. The 12-bar blues uses the I, IV and V chords and became the foundation of much rock and roll as well.
Who is known as the "Father of the Blues"?
W.C. Handy
Robert Johnson
Charley Patton
Lead Belly
Correct. W.C. Handy published influential blues compositions such as "Memphis Blues" and "St. Louis Blues" in the 1910s, helping bring the style to a wide audience.
The answer is W.C. Handy. He did not invent the blues, but his published songs, like "St. Louis Blues," popularized it nationally.
Which bluesman is famously linked to the legend of selling his soul to the devil at a crossroads?
Muddy Waters
Howlin' Wolf
Son House
Correct. The legend grew around Robert Johnson's sudden mastery of the guitar, and songs like "Cross Road Blues" fed the myth.
The answer is Robert Johnson. His rapid improvement as a guitarist and his early death in 1938 helped the crossroads legend take hold.
Which Chicago record label recorded Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf and Little Walter?
Sun Records
Chess Records
Stax Records
Motown
Correct. Chess Records, founded by Leonard and Phil Chess, became the home of Chicago electric blues in the 1950s.
The answer is Chess Records. Run by brothers Leonard and Phil Chess, it defined the sound of postwar Chicago blues.
What did B.B. King name his guitars?
Lucille
Bessie
Mabel
Ruby
Correct. B.B. King named his guitars Lucille after a woman two men fought over during a 1949 dance hall fire he narrowly escaped.
The answer is Lucille. King took the name from a woman at the center of a fight that started a fire at a club where he was playing.
Which singer was known as the "Empress of the Blues"?
Ma Rainey
Billie Holiday
Etta James
Bessie Smith
Correct. Bessie Smith was the most commercially successful blues singer of the 1920s and earned the title "Empress of the Blues."
The answer is Bessie Smith. Ma Rainey, her mentor, was known as the "Mother of the Blues."
Blue notes are typically created by lowering which scale degrees?
Second, fourth and sixth
First, fourth and fifth
Third, fifth and seventh
Second, sixth and octave
Correct. Flattening or bending the third, fifth and seventh degrees gives the blues its characteristic expressive sound.
The answer is the third, fifth and seventh. Lowering or bending these degrees produces the blue notes central to the style.
Which instrument did Little Walter revolutionize in Chicago blues?
Piano
Upright bass
Slide guitar
Harmonica
Correct. Little Walter amplified the harmonica through a microphone and amplifier, creating a powerful, saxophone-like tone.
The answer is the harmonica. Little Walter played it through an amplifier, transforming its sound and influencing generations of players.
What is the typical lyric pattern of a traditional blues verse?
ABAB
AAB
ABCB
AABB
Correct. In the AAB pattern, a line is sung, repeated, and then answered by a concluding line.
The answer is AAB. A first line is stated and repeated, then followed by a different line that resolves it.
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